Integrated antenna for receiving television broadcasts

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus for adapting an electronic device to receive digital television broadcast signals is disclosed. The device comprises a switch commandable to interpose one or more matching networks as in the RF signal path according to a channel command to match an integrated headset antenna to the tuner receiving the RF signals.

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/557,309, entitled “INTEGRATED EARBUD ANTENNA FOR RECEIVINGTELEVISION BROADCASTS,” by M. Winston Caldwell and Robert Evans Wetmore,filed Dec. 1, 2014, issued Jun. 13, 2017 as U.S. Pat. No. 9,681,214,which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/540,444,entitled “INTEGRATED EARBUD ANTENNA FOR RECEIVING TELEVISIONBROADCASTS,” by M. Winston Caldwell and Robert Evans Wetmore, filed Jul.2, 2012, issued on Dec. 2, 2014 as U.S. Pat. No. 8,903,102, all of whichapplications are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to systems and methods for receivingbroadcasts via electromagnetic waves, and in particular to an integratedantenna for receiving transmissions and a method for using same.

2. Description of the Related Art

Recent years have witnessed the proliferation of portable devicesincluding smart phones such as an ANDROID phone and an IPHONE, tabletcomputers such as the IPAD, media players such as the IPOD and IPODtouch, as well as laptops and netbooks.

Such devices are capable of receiving a wide variety of media programsand programming from a variety of sources via the Internet from sourcessuch as NETFLIX and HULU. In the past, live media programs were notavailable using such devices, because the rights to transmit suchprogramming were not licensed for Internet distribution. Consequently,such programs were instead broadcast by terrestrial transmission systemswith transmitters deployed where service is desired.

In the recent past, rights have been granted to broadband providers todeliver live over-the-top (OTT) media services. However, in suchinstances, it is still desirable for the device to be capable ofreceiving wirelessly transmitted information including receiving the OTTmedia services via broadband providers using such wireless transmission.

Accordingly, there is a need for an apparatus and method that allowsportable devices to receive live broadcasts from terrestrialtransmission systems. The present invention satisfies this need.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To address the requirements described above, a method and apparatus foradapting an electronic device to receive broadcast television signals isdisclosed. The apparatus may be embodied in an adapter, removablycoupleable to an electronic device having a device processor to receivea digital television within a first legacy band or a second legacy band.This adapter may comprise a headset, having a first earbud for producingaudio according to a first input signal and a second earbud forproducing audio according to a second input signal. The adapter mayfurther comprise a first signal conductor communicatively coupled to afirst earbud input and the first input signal, a second signal conductorcommunicatively coupled to a second earbud first input and the secondinput signal, a common conductor communicatively coupled to a firstearbud ground and a second earbud ground, an isolation circuit, coupledbetween an audio amplifier output and the first earbud input and thesecond earbud input, the isolation circuit for blocking the RFtelevision frequency signals from the audio amplifier while passingaudio frequency signals from the audio amplifier, and a switch, havingan signal input, a control input, a first signal output and a secondsignal output, wherein the signal input is coupled to one of the firstsignal conductor and the common conductor and the switch communicativelycouples the signal input to either the first signal output or the secondsignal output according to the control input. The adapter may alsocomprise a passive or active first legacy frequency band matchingnetwork communicatively coupled between the first signal output and afirst input of a tuner, a passive or active second legacy frequency bandmatching network communicatively coupled to the second signal output anda second input of the tuner, and an adapter processor, communicativelycoupled to the switch control input, for generating a switch commandaccording to a channel command received from the device processor. Inone embodiment, the first legacy frequency band matching network matchesthe input impedance of the first tuner input with the output impedanceof the switch and the second legacy frequency band matching networkmatches the input impedance of the second tuner input with the outputimpedance of the switch.

In another embodiment, the adapter is removably coupleable to anelectronic device having a device processor to adapt the electronicdevice to receive a television signal within a first legacy frequencyband or a second legacy frequency band, and comprises a headset,comprising a first earbud coupled to a first signal conductor andcoupled to a common conductor; an audio amplifier, coupled to the firstearbud via an optional isolation circuit to the first signal conductor;a switch, coupled between one of the first signal conductor and thecommon conductor and a tuner, the switch for selectably coupling the oneof the first signal conductor and the common signal conductor to a tunervia one of a plurality of networks comprising a first network and asecond network according a switch command. In this embodiment, the firstnetwork matches a first output impedance of the switch to a firstimpedance into the tuner over the first legacy frequency band, and thesecond network matches the second output impedance of the switch to asecond input impedance of the tuner over a second legacy frequency band.

In still another embodiment, the invention is embodied in a method ofadapting an electronic device to receive an RF television signal withina first legacy frequency band and a second legacy frequency band. Themethod may comprise the steps of accepting a channel command from theelectronic device in an adapter removably communicatively coupleable tothe electronic device, the adapter having a headset comprising a firstearbud coupled to a first signal conductor and coupled to a commonconductor, providing the RF television signal from one of the firstsignal conductor and the common conductor to a first matching network ora second matching network, the application of the RF television signalto the first matching network or the second matching network selectedaccording to the channel command, and providing the RF television signalfrom the selected matching network to a tuner. In this embodiment, thefirst network matches a first impedance out of one of the first signalconductor and the common conductor to a first impedance into the tunerover the first legacy frequency band and the second network matches thefirst impedance out of the one of the first signal conductor and thecommon conductor to a first impedance into the tuner over the secondlegacy frequency band.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Referring now to the drawings in which like reference numbers representcorresponding parts throughout:

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a digital transmission system;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a mobile receiver station;

FIG. 3 is a diagram presenting an alternative embodiment of the adapter;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a hardware embodiment of the adapter;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of the matching networksand filters;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of theisolation circuit;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of the adapter;

FIG. 8 is a diagram presenting illustrative process steps that can beused to adapt an electronic device to receive digital televisionbroadcast signals; and

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary processing system thatcould be used to implement elements of the present invention, includingthe electronic device or elements of the adapter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the following description, reference is made to the accompanyingdrawings which form a part hereof, and which is shown, by way ofillustration, several embodiments of the present invention. It isunderstood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural changesmay be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a digital transmission system 100. Thetransmission system 100 includes a master transmitter 102 that iscommunicatively coupled to a plurality of secondary transmitters104A-104C (hereinafter alternatively referred to as transmitter(s) 104).The master transmitter 102 may be communicatively coupled withtransmitters 104 via a wireless link (including radio frequency (RF),intermediate frequency (IF), microwave, optical frequencies) or a wiredlink. Wireless communications may be via terrestrial transmission,airborne transmission or by satellite. Further, communications with oneof the transmitters 104 may be wireless, while communications withanother one of the transmitters 104 may be wired.

The transmitters 104 receive a signal comprising information such as amedia program and advertisements from the master transmitter 102 andretransmit the received signal to receiver stations 108A-108D (herebyalternatively referred to as receiver station(s) 108).

The receiver stations 108 may be embodied by any device capable ofreceiving and the signals from the secondary transmitters 104, andprocessing them for display, including for example television receivers,set-top boxes, cellphones, personal computers or laptop computers. Eachof the transmitters 104 transmits provides a transmitted signal112A-112C (hereinafter alternatively referred to as transmittedsignal(s) 112) in coverage areas 106A-106C (hereinafter alternativelyreferred to as coverage area(s) 106).

The true coverage area 106 of the transmitters 104 is not as simple asdepicted. The actual coverage area 106 will depend on time varyingcharacteristics such as weather, the performance characteristics of thereceiver stations 108, and external blockage factors such as opaque orreflective objects 114 preventing signal passage or direct signals wherethey are not desired. For example, during periods of extreme weather,coverage areas 106 may be substantially reduced in size, and buildingsmay reflect signal to undesired areas. Coverage areas 106 includeoverlapping coverage areas 110A-110B (hereinafter alternatively referredto as overlapping coverage area(s) 110. Receiver stations 108 inoverlapping areas (for example, receiver station 108D) may havedifficulty receiving a signal because signal provided by transmitter104A is interfered with by the signal from transmitter 104B.

Interference can be from many sources, including multipath from radiosignal reflections from stationary or moving objects 114, signals 112Aand 112B from nearby transmitters arriving at the receiver station 108at different times. One problem is that the carrier of the first signal112A will not be in phase with the carrier of the second signal 112B,compromising the demodulation of the signal at the receiver station 108.Another problem is that the data itself from the different transmitters104 do not arrive at the receiver station 108 at the same time, thuscausing reception difficulties.

The foregoing problems can be ameliorated if the receiver station 108includes a suitable antenna that is configured to receive desiredsignals and reject undesired signals.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a mobile receiver station 108. The receiverstation 108 comprises a mobile electronic device 202 for presentingmedia programs and other information on a display 204. The mobileelectronic device 202 may comprise a cellphone; a smart phone; apersonal data assistant (PDA); a portable media player such as an IPOD,IPOD TOUCH, or other MP3 player; a tablet computer such as an IPAD, anetbook computer or a laptop computer.

The receiver station 108 also comprises an adapter 206. The adapter 206is removably coupleable to the electronic device 202. The adapter 206comprises coupler 208 and a headset 210 communicatively coupled to thecoupler 208. In one embodiment, the coupler 208 comprises electricalcontacts that interface with matching electrical contacts of theelectronic device 202 when the electronic device and coupler 208 arecoupled together, so that the electronic device 202 and coupler 208 cantransmit and receive data and commands, and optionally, power.Typically, power is provided to the adapter 206 from the electronicdevice 202, but the adapter 206 may also include an internal battery toperform the functions of the adapter 206 and also provide power to theelectronic device 202, for example, when the battery internal to theelectronic device 202 is exhausted.

The headset 210 comprises a first sound reproduction device 212A and asecond sound reproduction device 212B (hereinafter alternativelyreferred to as sound reproduction device(s) 212 or earbuds 212). Thefirst earbud 212A is communicatively coupled to the adapter 206 viafirst pair of conductors 214A and combined conductor 216. The secondearbud 212B is communicatively coupled to the adapter 206 via a secondpair of conductors 214B and the combined conductor 216. The soundreproduction devices 210 produce audio according to input signalsprovided by audio signal conductors 434R, 434L, and common or groundconductor 434G as further described herein with respect to FIGS. 4-7, asdescribed below.

The sound reproduction devices 210 may comprise earbuds that are placedwithin the ear canal of the user, earphones that are attached to theexternal ear, headphones, or loudspeakers. The sound reproducing elementis typically dynamic (with sound being reproduced by a membrane, voicecoil and magnet assembly) or any other design which transformselectrical energy into sound energy.

FIG. 3 is a diagram presenting an alternative embodiment of the adapter206. In this embodiment, the adapter includes a control unit 302 thatincludes user input I/O devices 304. These devices permit the user toadjust the volume of the audio signals presented at the earbuds 212, mayallow the user to change channels to tune different digital televisionstations, as well as other functions. Also in this embodiment, thecombined conductor 216 may be segmented into two portions, includingfirst combined conductor portion 216A and second combined conductorportion 216B. The length of the first combined conductor portion 216Aand the second combined conductor portion 216B may differ, with oneportion used to receive RF signals in a first RF band, and anotherportion used to receive RF signals in a second RF band.

FIGS. 4-7 are diagrams illustrating hardware embodiments of the adapter206. Turning first to FIG. 4, the electronic device 202 typicallycomprises a processor and associated communicatively coupled memory 404.The memory stores instructions that are executed by the processor anddata that is used by the processor to perform the functions of theelectronic device 202. Hereinafter, the electronic device processor andcommunicatively coupled electronic device memory will be referred to asthe electronic device processor 404.

The electronic device 202 may also comprise reproducing device to acceptdata and/or instructions from the communicatively coupled electronicdevice processor 404 to reproduce the media presented by the electronicdevice 202. In a typical embodiment, the reproducing device comprises adisplay 428 such as an LCD display for presenting visual information.

Alternatively or in addition to the foregoing, a display may be providedin the adapter 206 or external to both the adapter 206 and theelectronic device 202.

The display 428 may also accept user input. For example, the display 428may be a touch screen display that accepts user commands and data andprovide the commands and data to the electronic device processor 404.The electronic device 202 may also comprise one or more I/O devices suchas switches that are coupled to the electronic device processor 404.

The electronic device 202 may also comprise an electronic device audioamplifier 432 communicatively coupled to the electronic device processor404 to accept audio signals from the electronic device processor 404 andamplify them so as to be suitable for use in a speaker built in to theelectronic device 202 (not illustrated), or an externally applied andcommunicatively coupled headphone or other device such as the headset210. The electronic device 202 may also comprise an electronic devicetuner 430 for receiving broadcast media programs, with the electronicdevice tuner 430 providing the media program data or signals to theelectronic device processor 404 for eventual display. The electronicdevice processor 404 may also provide data or commands to the electronicdevice tuner 430 such as channel selection commands.

The electronic device 202 communicates signals, data and/or powerfrom/to the adapter 206 via a docking connector interface 402. In oneembodiment the connector interface 402 comprises a 30-pin iPOD dockinginterface connector, such as a MFI512S0017 connector, which permitspower and data to be exchanged. Other connector interfaces compatiblewith similar devices may be implemented, including those compatible withANDROID devices, a USB or mini-USB connector. Such connectors may beserial or parallel.

The adapter 206 comprises an adapter processor and memory 420. Althoughillustrated as a single device, the adapter processor and memory 420 maybe separate devices. The adapter memory stores instructions and dataused by the adapter processor to perform the functions described herein.Hereinafter, the adapter processor and memory will be referred to as theadapter processor 420.

The adapter processor 420 is communicatively coupled to the connectorinterface 402, and thus, can communicate (transmit and/or receive) dataand commands from the electronic device processor 404 to perform thetasks described herein. The adapter 206 may also comprise a tuner 412that is communicatively coupled to the adapter processor 420 to acceptcommands (for example, channel selection commands) and provide data orsignals to the adapter processor 420. The adapter tuner 412 may also becommunicatively coupled to the electronic device processor 404 to acceptcommands and provide data, either through the adapter processor 420 orthrough a separate communication path, as illustrated by the dashedline.

The adapter 206 may also comprise an audio amplifier 422 for amplifyingaudio signals received from the adapter processor 420 or electronicdevice processor 404. The adapter processor 420 may also providecommands (e.g. volume control) to the adapter 206 audio amplifier.

As described above, the adapter 206 also comprises a headset 210comprising earbuds 212A and 212B (alternatively referred to hereinafteras earbud(s) 212) connected to the coupler 208 via conductor pairs 214Aand 214B and combined conductor 216. As further illustrated in FIG. 4,the first conductor pair 214A includes a common conductor 434G and afirst (or right) signal conductor 434R, and the second signal conductorpair 214B includes the common conductor 434G and a second (or left)signal conductor 434L. The common conductors from each earbud 212 aretypically combined into a single common conductor that is provided withthe right signal conductor 434R and the left signal conductor 434Lforming the combined conductor 216. The combined conductor 216 iscommunicatively coupled to the coupler 208. In one embodiment, combinedconductor 216 is removably coupleable to the coupler 208, for example,using a plug such as a coaxial three-conductor plug 418 or similardevice.

As described above, there is difficulty in adapting an electronic deviceto receive broadcasted analog or digital media programs. One of theproblems associated with such reception is the provision of an antennaof suitable characteristics in a convenient form. Extendable whipantennas may provide this function, but are inconvenient for mobile use,and are easily broken. Wire-based dipole and folded dipole antennas canbe used, but like the extendable whip antennas, they must be of suitabledimension and suitable electrical characteristics for the transmissionfrequencies of interest.

The adapter 206 uses one or both of the signal conductors 434 and/or thecommon conductor 434G of the headset 210 as an antenna to receivebroadcasts. This is possible because the frequency spectrum of the audiosignal(s) being passed from the audio amplifier 422 to the earbud(s) 212is substantially different than the frequency spectrum of the radiofrequency signals sensed by the conductors 434 of the headset 210. Theaudio signals generally extend between 20 Hz to 20 KHz, while thefrequencies of the RF signals extend into the MHz range.

In a first embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 4, the commonconductor 434G is used to collect RF television signals and provide themto the tuner 412. The tuner 412 receives the RF television signals andprovides the received signals to the adapter processor 420. The adapterprocessor 420 provides the received signals to the electronic deviceprocessor 202 via connector 402, and the electronic device processor 404provides the received signals to output devices such as display 428and/or audio amplifier 422 or 432 so that the user can enjoy the mediaprogram embodied in the received RF signals.

Functional allocation among the modules in this signal path may differfrom those illustrated. For example, the process of receiving the RFtelevision signal typically includes detection, demodulation, and one ormore frequency translations. Those processes may be allocated among thetuner 412 and the adapter processor 420 as desired. Further, theprocessing and output functions can be allocated differently than asillustrated. For example, the tuner 412 and/or audio amplifier 422 maybe disposed in the electronic device (as shown by tuner 430 and audioamplifier 432) and the functions performed by the adapter processor 420may be performed by the electronic device processor 404.

The RF television signals provided by the common conductor 434G aretypically very low in power, and it is important that as much of theenergy present in the common conductor 434G is provided to the tuner 412as possible, while rejecting any spurious signals that are not RFtelevision signals. To accomplish this, the adapter 206 uses a matchingnetwork to match the impedance of the input to the tuner 412 to theimpedance of the output of the common conductor 434G. This isaccomplished via a matching network 410 coupled between the commonconductor 434G and the tuner 412. In one embodiment, the matchingnetwork 410 is passive.

Although digital television broadcasts are more immune to interferencethan analog television broadcasts in some respects, they are moreproblematic in other respects, as the reception of digital signals donot gracefully degrade as the signal weakens or interference increases.For example, when an NTSC television signal was weak or subject tomultipath, it was often the case that the signal could still be receivedwith adequate clarity for mobile purposes. However, the result of a weakATSC television signal is often the reception of no signal at all, or anintermittent signal. Accordingly, the matching of the impedance of thetuner 412 and associated circuitry to the common conductor 434G andassociated circuitry is of particular importance when the receivedsignal is a digital signal. This is made difficult by the fact that thefrequency bands used for television broadcasts are non-contiguous, andspan over half of a GHz bandwidth, so the center frequency for thosebands may vary significantly.

Under the NTSC standard, analog television was broadcast on channels2-13 of the very high frequency (VHF) band and 14-83 of the ultra highfrequency (UHF) band. The frequency bands allocated to each channel foranalog television applications were as follows (in MHz):

TABLE I Channels 2-6 (VHF Low) Lower Video ATSC Audio Upper Channel edgecarrier carrier carrier edge 2 54 55.25 54.31 59.75 60 3 60 61.25 60.3165.75 66 4 66 67.25 66.31 71.75 72 5 76 77.25 76.31 81.75 82 6 82 83.2582.31 87.75 88

TABLE II Channels 7-13 (VHF High) Lower Video ATSC Audio Upper Channeledge carrier carrier carrier edge 7 174 175.25 174.31 179.75 180 8 180181.25 180.31 185.75 186 9 186 187.25 186.31 191.75 192 10 192 193.25192.31 197.75 198 11 198 199.25 198.31 203.75 204 12 204 205.25 204.31209.75 210 13 210 211.25 210.31 215.75 216

TABLE III UHF Lower Video ATSC Audio Upper Channel edge carrier carriercarrier edge 14 470 471.25 470.31 475.75 476 15 476 477.25 476.31 481.75482 16 482 483.25 482.31 487.75 488 17 488 489.25 488.31 493.75 494 18494 495.25 494.31 499.75 500 19 500 501.25 500.31 505.75 506 20 506507.25 506.31 511.75 512 21 512 513.25 512.31 517.75 518 22 518 519.25518.31 523.75 524 23 524 525.25 524.31 529.75 530 24 530 531.25 530.31535.75 536 25 536 537.25 536.31 541.75 542 26 542 543.25 542.31 547.75548 27 548 549.25 548.31 553.75 554 28 554 555.25 554.31 559.75 560 29560 561.25 560.31 565.75 566 30 566 567.25 566.31 571.75 572 31 572573.25 572.31 577.75 578 32 578 579.25 578.31 583.75 584 33 584 585.25584.31 589.75 590 34 590 591.25 590.31 595.75 596 35 596 597.25 596.31601.75 602 36 602 603.25 602.31 607.75 608 37 608 609.25 — 613.75 614 38614 615.25 614.31 619.75 620 39 620 621.25 620.31 625.75 626 40 626627.25 626.31 631.75 632 41 632 633.25 632.31 637.75 638 42 638 639.25638.31 643.75 644 43 644 645.25 644.31 649.75 650 44 650 651.25 650.31655.75 656 45 656 657.25 656.31 661.75 662 46 662 663.25 662.31 667.75668 47 668 669.25 668.31 673.75 674 48 674 675.25 674.31 679.75 680 49680 681.25 680.31 685.75 686 50 686 687.25 686.31 691.75 692 51 692693.25 692.31 697.75 698 52 698 699.25 698.31 703.75 704 53 704 705.25704.31 709.75 710 54 710 711.25 710.31 715.75 716 55 716 717.25 716.31721.75 722 56 722 723.25 722.31 727.75 728 57 728 729.25 728.31 733.75734 58 734 735.25 734.31 739.75 740 59 740 741.25 740.31 745.75 746 60746 747.25 746.31 751.75 752 61 752 753.25 752.31 757.75 758 62 758759.25 758.31 763.75 764 63 764 765.25 764.31 769.75 770 64 770 771.25770.31 775.75 776 65 776 777.25 776.31 781.75 782 66 782 783.25 782.31787.75 788 67 788 789.25 788.31 793.75 794 68 794 795.25 794.31 799.75800 69 800 801.25 800.31 805.75 806 70 806 807.25 — 811.75 812 71 812813.25 — 817.75 818 72 818 819.25 — 823.75 824 73 824 825.25 — 829.75830 74 830 831.25 — 835.75 836 75 836 837.25 — 841.75 842 76 842 843.25— 847.75 848 77 848 849.25 — 853.75 854 78 854 855.25 — 859.75 860 79860 861.25 — 865.75 866 80 866 867.25 — 871.75 872 81 872 873.25 —877.75 878 82 878 879.25 — 883.75 884 83 884 885.25 — 889.75 890

Note that the frequency bands used for analog transmission werenon-contiguous. In particular, VHF low band channels 2-4 occupy 54-72MHz, while VHF low band channels 5-6 occupy 76-88 MHz. Thus, there is a4 MHz gap between channel 4 and channel 5. Further, VHF high bandchannels 7-13 occupy the bandwidth of 174-216 MHz, which means there isa 128 MHz gap between channel 6 and channel 7 (still at least partiallyoccupied by analog FM broadcasts in the 88-108 MHz range).

In the United States, digital television is broadcast according tostandards developed by the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC).ATSC standards have been defined for terrestrial and handheldapplications (A/53:ATSC Digital Television Standard, Parts 1-6, 2007 andA/153: ATSC Mobile DTV Standard Parts 1-9, 2-9-2011, both of which arehereby incorporated by reference herein). Other sovereigns use the DVBstandard (which includes a satellite, terrestrial, cable, and handheldstandard).

These digital television broadcasts occupy some of the frequency bandspreviously assigned to analog television. As shown above, thosefrequency bands are not contiguous. The RF television signals providedto the coupler by the common conductor 434G may be fairly narrow inbandwidth. Currently, such bandwidths currently are 6 MHz in the UnitedStates and 7 or 8 MHz in other parts of the world. In the future, atleast portions of such signals may be provided using a 5 MHz bandwidthin the United States, and long term evolution (LTE) broadcasts also atleast partially use a 5 MHz bandwidth. However, the center frequency mayvary considerably. This problem is especially pernicious with digitaltelevision broadcasts, and particularly when reception of digitaltelevision signals previously allocated to both the VHF and UHF bandspreviously allocated to analog television signals.

Accordingly, the adapter 206 includes a first matching network 410A anda second matching network 410B, which are selectably coupled in thesignal path between the ground connector 434G and the tuner 412 by aswitch 408 controlled by a control command 413 from the adapterprocessor 420. In the illustrated embodiment, the first matching network410A matches the input impedance of the tuner 412 with the outputimpedance of the switch 408 in a first legacy band (for example, UHFfrequencies) while the second matching network 410B matches the inputimpedance of the tuner 412 with the impedance of the switch 408 in asecond legacy band (for example, VHF frequencies). The UHF matchingnetwork matches the impedance (frequency dependent resistance) out ofthe switch 408 to impedance into the UHF filter 410A. Although signalsare present in other bands, including the VHF band, the UHF filter willattenuate those signals outside of the UHF band. Hence, when the userselects a digital television channel broadcasting in one of the UHFbands (for example, by selection of a control in the electronic device202 communicatively coupled to the electronic device processor 404 or byselection of a control communicatively coupled to the adapter processor420), a control (channel) command signal 413 is provided to the switch408. In response, the switch 408 selectively couples the switch signalinput 434 to switch first switch signal output 436A that iscommunicatively coupled to the UHF matching network 410A. Further, whenthe user selects a digital television channel broadcasting in one of theVHF bands (via analogous means), a control command signal 413 isprovided to the switch 408 to selectively couple the switch signal input434 to a second switch signal output 436B that is communicativelycoupled to the VHF matching network 410B.

FIG. 4 also illustrates the use of optional filter networks 426A and426B to bandpass filter the output of the matching network to rejectfrequencies that are not presented on the channel of interest. In theillustrated embodiment, the adapter 206 comprises a first filter network426A which bandpass filters the signal from the UHF matching network410A to pass only UHF signals, and a second filter network 426B thatfilters the signal from the VHF matching network 410B to pass only VHFsignals. Although optional, these filters can substantially reducespurious signals and noise provided to the tuner 412.

The associated matching networks 410 can be modified as necessary toaccount for the change in the impedance seen looking into the tuner 412so as to match that impedance with the impedance looking towards thecommon conductor 434G.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating one embodiment of the matching networksand filters. In this embodiment, the UHF matching circuit 410A comprisesa first capacitor C4 coupled to the first switch output 436A and toground and a first end of first inductor L1 coupled to the first switchoutput 436A. The other end of the first inductor L1 is coupled to groundthrough capacitor C5 and to a first end of capacitor C1. The other endof capacitor C1 is coupled to ground through resistor R2 and tocapacitor C2 through resistor R1. The other end of capacitor C2 iscoupled to ground through inductor L5. The UHF filter circuit 426Acomprises a capacitor C3 having a first end coupled to the other end ofcapacitor C2 and a second end coupled to a first end of inductor L2. Thesecond end of inductor L2 is coupled to ground through a seriescombination of inductor L4 and capacitor C7 and also coupled to theoutput through inductor L3. The output is also coupled to ground throughcapacitor C6.

Similarly, the VHF matching circuit 410B comprises a first end ofresistor R5 coupled to the second switch output 436B and a second end ofresistor R5 coupled to ground. The first end of resistor R5 is coupledto a first end of capacitor C9, and a second end of capacitor C9 iscoupled to ground through resistor R6. The second end of capacitor C9 iscoupled to first end of resistor R3 and the second end of resistor R3 iscoupled to ground through resistor R7 and to a first end of resistor R4.The second end of resistor R4 is coupled to a first end of inductor L6and the second end of inductor L6 represents the output of the VHFmatching circuit 410B. The VHF bandpass filter 426B comprises a firstend of capacitor C9 coupled to the second end of inductor L6, and thesecond end of capacitor C9 coupled to ground via a parallel combinationof inductor L8 and capacitor C11. The second end of capacitor C9 is alsocoupled to the output (and hence, the VHF input of the tuner 412) via aseries combination of inductor L7 and capacitor C10.

Isolation circuit 424 is inserted between the audio amplifier 422 andthe headset 210 to block RF frequency signals from the audio amplifier422 while passing audio frequency signals from the audio amplifier 422to the headset.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of theisolation circuit 424. In this embodiment, the audio amplifier includesa left output and associated left ground, and a right output andassociated right ground. Since the headset 210 includes a single commonconductor 434G, balancing network 602 is inserted between the audioamplifier 422 and the isolation network 424. The balancing network 602comprises first resistor R37 coupled between the amplifier left outputand the related left ground, and the left ground coupled to chassisground via a parallel combination of capacitor C51 and resistor R41. Ananalogous circuit is coupled to right output. In the illustratedembodiment, the first resistor R37 is a 47 KΩ resistor, the secondresistor R41 is a 20 KΩ resistor, and the capacitor C51 is a 0.1 μFcapacitor.

The left channel of the isolation network 424 comprises a commonconductor 434G coupled to chassis ground through inductor L10. The leftsignal conductor 434L is also coupled to chassis ground through a seriescombination of inductor L9 and resistor R38, with the output of thebalancing network coupled between inductor L9 and resistor R38. Ananalogous network used for the right signal conductor 434R as shown inFIG. 6. In the illustrated embodiment, resistor R38 is 20 KΩ, andinductors L9 and L10 are 680 nH inductors.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating another embodiment of the adapter 206.One difficulty with the foregoing designs (which use the commonconductor 434G as the antenna) is that the RF television signals can besignificantly attenuated when the user touches the adapter 206, becausethe user can short at least part of the RF television signals to ground.This can be accommodated for in the design of the matching networks 410,or, as described below, can be ameliorated by using one of the signalconductors 434R and 434L for the antenna instead of the common conductor434G. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, one of the signal conductors434R and 434L are used as the antenna to collect RF television signals.In this embodiment, the common conductor 434G is coupled to a commonground of the adapter 206 either at the plug 418 or at the bandpassfilter 415. This prevents the path to ground that may result when theuser handles the adapter 206 or electronic device 202.

Although optional filters 426 bandpass filter the signal to reject outof band signals before presenting them to the tuner 412, thisconfiguration may present further difficulties regarding interferingsignals. Because the switch 408 is a non-linear device, the applicationof audio signals to the switch 408 may create harmonic andintermodulation distortions within the desired band of the RF signals.Accordingly, the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 further comprises aband-pass filter 415, which is used to block undesired emissions thatare outside of the VHF or UHF bands that might result in problematicintermodulation products as the input signal passes through thenon-linear switch 408. Since this isolation circuit 415 passes RFsignals and blocks audio signals, its design may be complimentary tothat of the first isolation circuit 424. To further reduce harmonic andintermodulation distortions, the passband of the desired RF signals maybe function of the selected channel, control command signal 413 may beprovided to the isolation circuit as well, so that the RF televisionfrequencies passed by the isolation circuit differ according to theselected channel. Alternatively, the isolation circuit 415 may comprisea plurality of isolation circuits, communicatively coupled between thematching networks 410 and the switch 408.

While only two matching networks 410 and two filters 426 are illustratedin the above embodiments, the present invention can be practiced with agreater number of matching networks and filters. For example, thefrequencies devoted to digital television broadcasts may include Nnon-contiguous frequency bands, and there may be a matching network andfilter dedicated for only one of the non-contiguous frequency bands ormultiple non-contiguous frequency bands. For example, as shown above,the VHF legacy band includes two sub-bands—a lower VHF band and anon-contiguous upper VHF band. The adapter 206 could be designed toinclude three matching networks and filters, one for each of the VHFbands and one for the UHF band. Further, the UHF band is broken into anumber of non-contiguous sub-bands, and further matching networks andfilters may be included for these sub-bands as well. Further, the numberof matching networks 410 may or may not be influenced by the number ofnon-contiguous bands. Multiple matching networks could be utilized tocover multiple sub-bands of a larger contiguous band. For example, twomatching networks could be used to cover a contiguous sub-band.

FIG. 8 is a diagram presenting illustrative process steps that can beused to adapt an electronic device to receive digital televisionbroadcast signals. These steps can be used in conjunction with thehardware embodiments presented in the foregoing figures. Optional stepsare indicated by dashed blocks.

Block 802 illustrates the coupling of the adapter 206 to electronicdevice 202. When coupled, the adapter 206 and electronic device 202combination can be configured as described in FIGS. 2-7. In optionalblock 804, a channel command is accepted. Typically, the channel commandis a command for the tuner 412 (or 430) to tune a particular digitaltelevision broadcast channel. In block 806, a switch command isgenerated from the channel command. This is typically performed by theadapter processor 420, but may be performed all or in part by theelectronic device processor 404. In optional block 808, a combinedsignal on a first signal conductor (one or both of signal conductors434R and 434L) are filtered to produce only an RF signal within thefirst legacy band (e.g. VHF) and/or the second legacy band (e.g. UHF).This step is optional, as it is only required for embodiments in whichthe signal conductor 434R or 434L is used as the antenna to collect theRF signal, as shown in FIG. 7. In block 810, the RF signal is providedfrom either a first signal conductor (such as either one or both ofsignal conductors 434R and 434L) or a common conductor 434G to a firstmatching network such as 410A or a second matching network 410Baccording to the generated switch command such as that which ismanifested by control command signal 413. Optionally the RF signal fromthe matching networks 410 can be filtered to pass only the first legacyfrequency band or the second legacy frequency bands, as shown in block812. The optionally filtered RF signal is then provided to a tuner 412,which generates a digital television signal from the provided RF signal,as shown in blocks 814 and 816. The digital television signal from thetuner 412 is then provided to an electronic device 202, to a displaywithin the adapter 206 or to an external display, as shown in block 818.

While the foregoing was illustrated with respect to the use of the UHFand VHF frequencies for exemplary purposes, the same principles may beused to receive signals in bands other than the UHF and VHF bands. Forexample, as described above, LTE frequency bands may be used to deliverbroadcast television signals, and the number of, bandwidth, and centerfrequency of matching networks 410 and filters 426 disclosed above maybe changed to use such LTE frequencies. LTE currently includes 31frequency bands of bandwidths ranging from 5 MHz (band 31) to 90 MHz(band 22) and at frequencies of 452.5 (band 31) to 3500 MHz (band 22).Further, television services may be provided on newly availablespectrum.

Further, while the foregoing was illustrated in a particular applicationusing earbuds, the same principles permit application other arrangementsusing speaker wiring for antennas, for example, in a home theaterembodiment, speaker wiring (carrying audio frequency signals from theamplifier or preamplifier to the speaker(s)) may be used as antennas toreceive broadcasts. Further, the length of such wiring can be selectedto optimize reception in particular wavelengths.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary processing system 900 thatcould be used to implement elements of the present invention, includingthe electronic device 202 or elements of the adapter 206. The processingsystem comprises a computer 902 which may comprise a general purposehardware processor 904A and/or a special purpose hardware processor 904B(hereinafter alternatively collectively referred to as processor 904)and a memory 906, such as random access memory (RAM). The computer 902may be coupled to other devices, including input/output (I/O) devicessuch as a keyboard 914, a mouse device 916 and a printer 928.

In one embodiment, the computer 902 operates by the general-purposeprocessor 904A performing instructions defined by the computer program910 under control of an operating system 908. The computer program 910and/or the operating system 908 may be stored in the memory 906 and mayinterface with the user and/or other devices to accept input andcommands and, based on such input and commands and the instructionsdefined by the computer program 910 and operating system 908 to provideoutput and results.

Output/results may be presented on the display 428 or provided toanother device for presentation or further processing or action. In oneembodiment, the display 428 comprises a liquid crystal display (LCD)having a plurality of separately addressable pixels formed by liquidcrystals. Each pixel of the display 428 changes to an opaque ortranslucent state to form a part of the image on the display in responseto the data or information generated by the processor 904 from theapplication of the instructions of the computer program 910 and/oroperating system 908 to the input and commands. Other display 428 typesalso include picture elements that change state in order to create theimage presented on the display 428. The image may be provided through agraphical user interface (GUI) module 918A. Although the GUI module 918Ais depicted as a separate module, the instructions performing the GUIfunctions can be resident or distributed in the operating system 908,the computer program 910, or implemented with special purpose memory andprocessors. The display 428 may also accept user input. For example, thedisplay 428 may comprise a touch screen.

Some or all of the operations performed by the computer 902 according tothe computer program 910 instructions may be implemented in a specialpurpose processor 904B. In this embodiment, some or all of the computerprogram 910 instructions may be implemented via firmware instructionsstored in a read only memory (ROM), a programmable read only memory(PROM) or flash memory within the special purpose processor 904B or inmemory 906. The special purpose processor 904B may also be hardwiredthrough circuit design to perform some or all of the operations toimplement the present invention. Further, the special purpose processor904B may be a hybrid processor, which includes dedicated circuitry forperforming a subset of functions, and other circuits for performing moregeneral functions such as responding to computer program instructions.In one embodiment, the special purpose processor is an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC).

The computer 902 may also implement a compiler 912 which allows anapplication program 910 written in a programming language such as COBOL,C++, FORTRAN, or other language to be translated into processor 904readable code. After completion, the application or computer program 910accesses and manipulates data accepted from I/O devices and stored inthe memory 906 of the computer 902 using the relationships and logicthat was generated using the compiler 912.

The computer 902 also optionally comprises an external communicationdevice such as a modem, satellite link, WiFi link, Ethernet card,cellphone or 4G link, or other device for accepting input from andproviding output to other computers.

In one embodiment, instructions implementing the operating system 908,the computer program 910, and/or the compiler 912 are tangibly embodiedin a computer-readable medium, e.g., data storage device 920, whichcould include one or more fixed or removable data storage devices, suchas a zip drive, floppy disc drive 924, hard drive, CD-ROM drive, tapedrive, or a flash drive. Further, the operating system 908 and thecomputer program 910 are comprised of computer program instructionswhich, when accessed, read and executed by the computer 902, causes thecomputer 902 to perform the steps necessary to implement and/or use thepresent invention or to load the program of instructions into a memory,thus creating a special purpose data structure causing the computer tooperate as a specially programmed computer executing the method stepsdescribed herein. Computer program 910 and/or operating instructions mayalso be tangibly embodied in memory 906 and/or data communicationsdevices 930, thereby making a computer program product or article ofmanufacture according to the invention. As such, the terms “article ofmanufacture,” “program storage device” and “computer program product” or“computer readable storage device” as used herein are intended toencompass a computer program accessible from any computer readabledevice or media.

Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that any combinationof the above components, or any number of different components,peripherals, and other devices, may be used with the computer 902.

Although the term “computer” is referred to herein, it is understoodthat the computer may include portable devices such as cellphones,portable MP3 players, video game consoles, notebook computers, tablet orpocket computers, personal data assistants (PDAs) or any other devicewith suitable processing, communication, and input/output capability.

CONCLUSION

This concludes the description of the preferred embodiments of thepresent invention. The foregoing description of the preferred embodimentof the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration anddescription. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit theinvention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications andvariations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intendedthat the scope of the invention be limited not by this detaileddescription, but rather by the claims appended hereto. The abovespecification, examples, and data provide a complete description of themanufacture and use of the composition of the invention. Since manyembodiments of the invention can be made without departing from thespirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides in the claimshereinafter appended.

What is claimed is:
 1. An adapter configured for communicative couplingbetween a first electronic device and a first sound reproduction device,the first sound reproduction device for producing audio according to anaudio signal provided along an audio signal conductor communicativelycoupled between the adapter and the first sound reproduction device, theadapter comprising: a switch, having a switch signal input, a switchcontrol input, a first switch signal output and a second switch signaloutput, wherein: the switch signal input is coupled to at least one ofthe audio signal conductor and a common conductor communicativelycoupled between the adapter and the first sound reproduction device; andthe switch communicatively couples the switch signal input to either thefirst switch signal output or the second switch signal output accordingto the switch control input; a first legacy frequency band matchingnetwork communicatively coupled between the first switch signal outputand an input of a tuner; a second legacy frequency band matching networkcommunicatively coupled to the second switch signal output and the inputof the tuner; and an adapter processor, communicatively coupled to theswitch control input, the adapter processor for generating a switchcommand according to a channel command and providing the switch commandto the switch control input; wherein: the first legacy frequency bandmatching network matches an input impedance of a tuner input with anoutput impedance of the switch; and the second legacy frequency bandmatching network matches the input impedance of the tuner input with theoutput impedance of the switch.
 2. The adapter of claim 1, wherein thechannel command is generated by a processor of the first electronicdevice.
 3. The adapter of claim 1, wherein the switch signal input iscoupled to the common conductor.
 4. The adapter of claim 1, wherein theswitch signal input is coupled to the audio signal conductor.
 5. Theadapter of claim 4, further comprising a bandpass filter, for passingsubstantially only signals in the first legacy frequency band and thesecond legacy frequency band.
 6. The adapter of claim 5, wherein: thebandpass filter is communicatively coupled between the switch signalinput and the audio signal conductor.
 7. The adapter of claim 6,wherein: a passband of the bandpass filter is determined according tothe switch command.
 8. The adapter of claim 4, further comprising: afirst bandpass filter for passing substantially only signals in thefirst legacy frequency band, the first bandpass filter communicativelycoupled between the first switch signal output and the input of thetuner; and a second bandpass filter for passing substantially onlysignals in the second legacy frequency band, the second bandpass filtercommunicatively coupled between the second switch signal output and theinput of the tuner.
 9. The adapter of claim 1, wherein the first legacyfrequency band matching network comprises a first passive network andthe second legacy frequency band matching network comprises a secondpassive network.
 10. The adapter of claim 1, wherein the adapter isconfigured for removable coupling to the first electronic device.
 11. Anapparatus, configured for communicative coupling to an electronic deviceand a sound reproduction device, the electronic device having anelectronic device processor, the apparatus for adapting the electronicdevice to receive a signal within a first legacy frequency band or asecond legacy frequency band, the sound reproduction device comprising afirst sound reproduction device coupled to a first signal conductor anda common conductor, the apparatus comprising: a switch, coupled betweenone of the first signal conductor and the common conductor and a tuner,the switch for selectably coupling the one of the first signal conductoror the common conductor to the tuner according to a switch command; anda first network, communicatively coupled between the switch and thetuner, for matching a first output impedance of the switch to an inputimpedance of the tuner over the first legacy frequency band; and asecond network, communicatively coupled between the switch and thetuner, for matching a second output impedance of the switch to the inputimpedance of the tuner over the second legacy frequency band.
 12. Theapparatus of claim 11, further comprising: an isolation circuit, forpassing audio frequency signals from the electronic device to the firstsound reproduction device and for blocking radio frequency signals fromthe electronic device.
 13. The apparatus of claim 11, furthercomprising: a bandpass filter, for blocking audio frequency signals fromthe switch and for passing the first legacy frequency band and thesecond legacy frequency band.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein thebandpass filter passes substantially only the first legacy frequencyband and the second legacy frequency band.
 15. The apparatus of claim11, wherein: the first network further comprises: a first networkbandpass filter communicatively coupled to the tuner; and a firstmatching network, communicatively coupled to the first network bandpassfilter and the switch, for matching the first output impedance of theswitch to the input impedance of the first network bandpass filter andthe tuner; the second network further comprises: a second networkbandpass filter communicatively coupled to the tuner; and a secondmatching network, communicatively coupled to the second network bandpassfilter and the switch, for matching the second output impedance of theswitch to the input impedance of the second network bandpass filter andthe tuner.
 16. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatuscomprises the tuner.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprisingan adapter processor, communicatively coupled to the switch, forgenerating a switch command to selectably couple the one of the firstsignal conductor and the common conductor to the tuner according to achannel command from the electronic device processor.
 18. The apparatusof claim 17, wherein the first sound reproduction device is furthercoupled to an adapter ground via a common conductor.
 19. The apparatusof claim 18, wherein the electronic device comprises a ground isolatedfrom the common conductor.
 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein theapparatus is configured for removable coupling to the electronic devicevia a docking connector, thereby communicatively coupling the adapterprocessor to the electronic device processor.
 21. The apparatus of claim11, wherein: the first legacy frequency band comprises at least aportion of an ultra high frequency (UHF) band; and the second legacyfrequency band comprises at least a portion of a very high frequency(VHF) band.
 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein: the second legacyfrequency band comprises a plurality of non-contiguous second legacyfrequency sub-bands; and a second network comprises a plurality ofsecond sub-networks, each of the second sub-networks matching an inputimpedance of the switch to the input impedance of the tuner over anassociated second legacy frequency sub-band.
 23. The apparatus of claim11, wherein the apparatus is configured for removable coupling to theelectronic device.
 24. A method of adapting an electronic device toreceive a radio frequency (RF) signal within a first legacy frequencyband and a second legacy frequency band, the method comprising the stepsof: accepting a channel command from the electronic device in an adapterconfigured to be communicatively coupled to the electronic device, theadapter communicatively coupled to a first sound reproduction devicehaving a first signal conductor and a common conductor; providing the RFsignal from one of the first signal conductor or the common conductor toa first matching network or a second matching network, the provision ofthe RF signal to the first matching network or the second matchingnetwork selected according to the channel command; providing the RFsignal from the selected matching network to a tuner; wherein: the firstmatching network matches a first impedance out of the one of the firstsignal conductor and the common conductor to a first impedance into thetuner over the first legacy frequency band; and the second matchingnetwork matches the first impedance out of the one of the first signalconductor and the common conductor to the first impedance into the tunerover the second legacy frequency band.
 25. The method of claim 24,further comprising the steps of: generating a received signal in thetuner from the provided RF signal; and providing the received signal tothe electronic device.
 26. The method of claim 24, further comprisingthe step of filtering the RF signal to pass only the first legacyfrequency band or only the second frequency legacy band according to thechannel command.
 27. The method of claim 24, wherein the electronicdevice is configured for removable coupling to the electronic device.28. The method of claim 24, wherein the adapter comprises an adapterprocessor and a switch, and the step of providing the RF signal to theselected matching network to the tuner comprises the steps of:generating a switch command at least in part from the accepted channelcommand to generate a switch command; and providing the switch commandto a switch communicatively coupled to one of the first signal conductoror the common conductor and the first matching network and the secondmatching network.
 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the method furthercomprises the steps of: filtering the RF signal to produce only an RFsignal within the first legacy frequency band and the second legacyfrequency band between the first signal conductor and the switch.